Mikluho-Maclay and the Papuans of New Guinea
Mikluho-Maclay and Papuan teen photo
Try to predict the actions of Stone Age people in various life situations.
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Question 1:
On September 20, 1871, the Russian scientist N.N. Miklukho-Maklay landed on the coast of New Guinea in order to study the life of Stone Age people. The local Papuans had never communicated with representatives of the civilized world and were extremely unhappy with the appearance of a "white" person. Three weeks later, on October 12, 1871, Nikolai Nikolaevich decided to make a map of the area. He learned the names of villages, rivers, streams, and mountains using sign language from a Papuan named Tui. All the time the native was drawing the map, he carefully observed the actions of Miklukho-Maklay. At the end of the job, what did Tui do?
A Papuan named Tui drawing by Mikluho-Maklaya in New Guinea
Primitive people, contrary to stereotypes, are incredibly quick-witted in some matters. The Papuans did not find anything similar to Miklukho-Maklay's maps, but their closest neighbors, the Polynesians, were excellent sailors and, long before meeting representatives of European civilization, actively created and used maps that indicated sea currents, prevailing winds, stars and islands.
Primitive people, contrary to stereotypes, are incredibly quick-witted in some matters. The Papuans did not find anything similar to Miklukho-Maklay's maps, but their closest neighbors, the Polynesians, were excellent sailors and, long before meeting representatives of European civilization, actively created and used maps that indicated sea currents, prevailing winds, stars and islands.
Primitive people, contrary to stereotypes, are incredibly quick-witted in some matters. The Papuans did not find anything similar to Miklukho-Maklay's maps, but their closest neighbors, the Polynesians, were excellent sailors and, long before meeting representatives of European civilization, actively created and used maps that indicated sea currents, prevailing winds, stars and islands.
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On January 17, 1872, Miklukho-Maklay walked with the natives along the wet sandy shore of the ocean. The Russian scientist was 25 years old. He was a young and strong man, although malaria, which he contracted in New Guinea, had already begun to undermine his health. His companions were five young men (about 20 years old). The guys from Gorendu village: Tui, Bonem, Digu and others. The idea came to me spontaneously: to arrange a running competition between the "Russian gentleman" and the Papuans. Miklukho-Maklay came to the finish line:
A Papuan named Digu is a drawing by Mikluho-Maklaya in New Guinean
Miklukho-Maklay, to his great surprise, ran to the finish line first, although he had never been fond of sports. There is a stereotype that all primitive hunters are very strong and tough guys. In reality, primitive people are not strongmen: their bodies have relatively little muscle mass.
Miklukho-Maklay, to his great surprise, ran to the finish line first, although he had never been fond of sports. There is a stereotype that all primitive hunters are very strong and tough guys. In reality, primitive people are not strongmen: their bodies have relatively little muscle mass.
Miklukho-Maklay, to his great surprise, ran to the finish line first, although he had never been fond of sports. There is a stereotype that all primitive hunters are very strong and tough guys. In reality, primitive people are not strongmen: their bodies have relatively little muscle mass.
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On August 13, 1876, Miklukho-Maklay traveled with a group of Papuans through the mountainous regions of New Guinea. While climbing a steep slope, the vine that he was grabbing tore, the researcher fell off the slope, flew several meters, hit his head on the ground and lost consciousness. What did Papuans who witnessed the fall do?:
village on the island of Bili-Bili New Guinea, drawing by Miklukho-Maklay
Some of the natives decided that Maclay was dead, and they were afraid to approach. Another part believed that Maclay was immortal, and suggested that the traveler decided to lie down to rest. The Papuans approached him only two hours after he regained consciousness.
Some of the natives decided that Maclay was dead, and they were afraid to approach. Another part believed that Maclay was immortal, and suggested that the traveler decided to lie down to rest. The Papuans approached him only two hours after he regained consciousness.
Some of the natives decided that Maclay was dead, and they were afraid to approach. Another part believed that Maclay was immortal, and suggested that the traveler decided to lie down to rest. The Papuans approached him only two hours after he regained consciousness.
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Did the Papuans, among whom the Russian traveler lived, know how to make a fire?
the making of fire by friction by primitive man
The Papuans of the Maclay coast actively used fire for cooking, heating and lighting. But they lost the skill of making a fire by friction, because a sedentary lifestyle and a high population density always made it possible to "get hold" of a light from one of the neighbors.
He found the ability to make a fire only among mountain Papuans, whose population density is very low and who periodically had to use this skill.
The Papuans of the Maclay coast actively used fire for cooking, heating and lighting. But they lost the skill of making a fire by friction, because a sedentary lifestyle and a high population density always made it possible to "get hold" of a light from one of the neighbors.
He found the ability to make a fire only among mountain Papuans, whose population density is very low and who periodically had to use this skill.
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In August 1871, Miklukho-Maklay visited the coastal islands, where he studied the living conditions of the local Papuans. What name did he give to this group of islands?:
Two young pretty aborigines naked from the waist up
The attitude of the natives among themselves, their treatment of their wives, children, and animals made the impression on Miklukho-Maklay that these people were completely satisfied with their fate, with themselves, and with everything around them. In addition, the customs of the Papuans turned out to be much softer and kinder than he expected to find among the "wild" tribes.
The attitude of the natives among themselves, their treatment of their wives, children, and animals made the impression on Miklukho-Maklay that these people were completely satisfied with their fate, with themselves, and with everything around them. In addition, the customs of the Papuans turned out to be much softer and kinder than he expected to find among the "wild" tribes.
The attitude of the natives among themselves, their treatment of their wives, children, and animals made the impression on Miklukho-Maklay that these people were completely satisfied with their fate, with themselves, and with everything around them. In addition, the customs of the Papuans turned out to be much softer and kinder than he expected to find among the "wild" tribes.
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On May 25, 1872, the beating of a barum (big drum) announced the death of an adult man in the village of Bumbu. Miklukho-Maklay hurried to the epicenter of the events and got acquainted with the funeral rites of the Papuans. The whole procedure, in addition to the actual burial, also included:
barum - the big drum of the Papuans, drawing by Miklukho-Maclay
Any death (except death in battle) is considered by primitive people as the result of witchcraft on the part of the deceased's enemies. Therefore, in the event of the death of an authoritative member of the tribe (a warrior, a leader, a shaman, a respected woman), the law of blood feud (recognized by almost all representatives of the primitive community in all corners of the globe) required the shedding of the blood of the initiators of witchcraft. Among the Papuans (and other fairly peaceful representatives of the primitive community), real bloodshed could be replaced by a ritual battle, which allowed them to show respect for the deceased and at the same time not unleash a real bloody war with their neighbors.
Any death (except death in battle) is considered by primitive people as the result of witchcraft on the part of the deceased's enemies. Therefore, in the event of the death of an authoritative member of the tribe (a warrior, a leader, a shaman, a respected woman), the law of blood feud (recognized by almost all representatives of the primitive community in all corners of the globe) required the shedding of the blood of the initiators of witchcraft. Among the Papuans (and other fairly peaceful representatives of the primitive community), real bloodshed could be replaced by a ritual battle, which allowed them to show respect for the deceased and at the same time not unleash a real bloody war with their neighbors.
Any death (except death in battle) is considered by primitive people as the result of witchcraft on the part of the deceased's enemies. Therefore, in the event of the death of an authoritative member of the tribe (a warrior, a leader, a shaman, a respected woman), the law of blood feud (recognized by almost all representatives of the primitive community in all corners of the globe) required the shedding of the blood of the initiators of witchcraft. Among the Papuans (and other fairly peaceful representatives of the primitive community), real bloodshed could be replaced by a ritual battle, which allowed them to show respect for the deceased and at the same time not unleash a real bloody war with their neighbors.
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In the summer of 1877, Miklukho-Maklay attended a Papuan wedding. The main events of the event are mostly similar to the European tradition: the bride's outfit, the solemn arrival of the procession to the groom's village, the presentation of gifts, solemn speeches by the elders, and the entertainment of guests. There was an incident at the wedding: during the delivery of a solemn speech (the meaning of which is to list the duties of spouses in the Papuan family), one of the elders forgot the name of the groom. What were the consequences of the elder's oversight
bride from the Papuan village of Bongu, drawing by Mikluho-Maklay, New Guinea
The authority of the elders among the Papuans is not absolute, but the natives like to laugh. Any misstep by any member of the tribe can be met with laughter.
The authority of the elders among the Papuans is not absolute, but the natives like to laugh. Any misstep by any member of the tribe can be met with laughter.
The authority of the elders among the Papuans is not absolute, but the natives like to laugh. Any misstep by any member of the tribe can be met with laughter.
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In June 1876, the Papuans informed Miklukho-Maklay that two residents of the village of Gorima, Abui and Malu, wanted to kill him for profit. His actions after receiving such unpleasant news were:
hut house in the Papuan village of Gorima, drawing by Mikluho-Maklaya, New Guinea
To eliminate the real threat to his life, Nikolai Nikolaevich immediately went to the village of Gorima, where he publicly offered Abai and Mala to fulfill their desire and kill him the next night. Realizing that public opinion was not on their side and they would not be able to escape responsibility after the murder, Abuy and Malu abandoned their plans and reconciled with Miklukho-Maklay. Nikolai Nikolaevich was returning to his hut with the three of them, accompanied by would–be murderers: Abuya and Malu, who were carrying their gift – a respectable-sized pig - for "tamo-boro russ" ("a respected man from Russia").
To eliminate the real threat to his life, Nikolai Nikolaevich immediately went to the village of Gorima, where he publicly offered Abai and Mala to fulfill their desire and kill him the next night. Realizing that public opinion was not on their side and they would not be able to escape responsibility after the murder, Abuy and Malu abandoned their plans and reconciled with Miklukho-Maklay. Nikolai Nikolaevich was returning to his hut with the three of them, accompanied by would–be murderers: Abuya and Malu, who were carrying their gift – a respectable-sized pig - for "tamo-boro russ" ("a respected man from Russia")
To eliminate the real threat to his life, Nikolai Nikolaevich immediately went to the village of Gorima, where he publicly offered Abai and Mala to fulfill their desire and kill him the next night. Realizing that public opinion was not on their side and they would not be able to escape responsibility after the murder, Abuy and Malu abandoned their plans and reconciled with Miklukho-Maklay. Nikolai Nikolaevich was returning to his hut with the three of them, accompanied by would–be murderers: Abuya and Malu, who were carrying their gift – a respectable-sized pig - for "tamo-boro russ" ("a respected man from Russia")
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From the point of view of a Stone Age man, any death is the result of the witchcraft of enemies, for which one must act according to the law of blood feud. As a result, the life of primitive tribes, including Papuans, turns into a series of endless vendettas. Miklukho-Maklay tried to break the vicious circle and, using his authority, in July 1877, banned an armed campaign against the Papuan mountain people, planned in response to the deaths of two brothers from the village of Gorendu within two weeks. What were the consequences of Miklouho-Maclay's initiative?:
A Papuan teenager named Tui son of Bonema, Gorendu village, 1877, drawing by Miklukho-Maclay
Papuans saw the cause of death of two Gorendu residents in the witchcraft of neighbors from mountain villages (they buried the "onim"). The military campaign for revenge was canceled under pressure from the authority of Miklukho-Maclay. As a result, from the point of view of Gorendu residents, the "onim" buried by mountain Papuans continued its harmful effect and remaining in the village would mean an early death in the near future. As a result, all the residents soon moved to other villages where they had relatives or acquaintances. And the village of Gorendu ceased to exist.
Papuans saw the cause of death of two Gorendu residents in the witchcraft of neighbors from mountain villages (they buried the "onim"). The military campaign for revenge was canceled under pressure from the authority of Miklukho-Maclay. As a result, from the point of view of Gorendu residents, the "onim" buried by mountain Papuans continued its harmful effect and remaining in the village would mean an early death in the near future. As a result, all the residents soon moved to other villages where they had relatives or acquaintances. And the village of Gorendu ceased to exist.
Papuans saw the cause of death of two Gorendu residents in the witchcraft of neighbors from mountain villages (they buried the "onim"). The military campaign for revenge was canceled under pressure from the authority of Miklukho-Maclay. As a result, from the point of view of Gorendu residents, the "onim" buried by mountain Papuans continued its harmful effect and remaining in the village would mean an early death in the near future. As a result, all the residents soon moved to other villages where they had relatives or acquaintances. And the village of Gorendu ceased to exist.
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The Papuans are one of the few primitive tribes who used to cover their genitals (except for the female breast) with clothes in everyday life. What words or rather sounds did they use to refer to these body parts?
a family from the primitive Papuan tribe
The native explained the origin of the names to Miklukho-Maklay by saying that such sounds themselves escape from representatives of the opposite sex when viewing these body parts.
The native explained the origin of the names to Miklukho-Maklay by saying that such sounds themselves escape from representatives of the opposite sex when viewing these body parts.
The native explained the origin of the names to Miklukho-Maklay by saying that such sounds themselves escape from representatives of the opposite sex when viewing these body parts.
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Замечательно!
You can see right away that you are a cultured person!
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Отлично!
There is good news: "You are not a savage!"
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Very good!
You are one step away from understanding Stone Age man!
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Здорово!
Excellent understanding of the psychology of the "wild"! Or is it just that your upbringing is "lame"?
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Bravo!
You are a real Papuan!
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Just a miracle!!!
Are you Papuan???
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Миклухо-Маклай и папуасы Новой Гвинеи

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